Health Highlights: June 25, 2007 (MedicineNet.com)
Title: Health Highlights: June 25, 2007 Category: Health News Created: 6/26/2007 2:00:00 AM Last Editorial Review: 6/26/2007

Childhood Cancer: Health Risks Linger (CBS News)
Childhood cancer survivors are at increased risk of other health problems as young adults, Dutch researchers report.

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Clinton adopts cautious approach on health care reform (USA Today)
When it comes to health care reform, Hillary Rodham Clinton epitomizes the old adage, “once burned, twice shy.” As first lady in the early 1990s, she tried to reshape the nation’s health care system. But that newfound caution has also come with a price. While Barack Obama and John Edwards have both laid out sweeping health care reform plans, Clinton has so far proposed only modest changes

Clinton cautious on health care reform (AP via Yahoo! News)
When it comes to health care reform, Hillary Rodham Clinton epitomizes the old adage, “once burned, twice shy.”

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Government ‘underfunding health’ (Adelaide Now)
THE Federal Government is not providing its fair share of funding for Australia’s public hospitals, Victorian Health Minister Bronwyn Pike said today.

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We love our pets. We want to see them healthy and happy. But pets, like humans, also succumb to the ravages of disease. Although it pains us to see them suffer so, it cant be helped. Pets have a far shorter lifespan than we do, but if we really love our pets as much as we say we do, we will do everything humanly possible to save or at least prolong their lives.

The aim of veterinary hematology is just that to provide treatment of diseases that destroy our pets health and help them live fuller lives.

Veterinary hematology is a subspecialty in veterinary medicine. It deals primarily with the study of the blood and the blood-forming organs and tissues, such as the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, lymphatic nodes, the liver, and kidneys. Part of the specialized studies that a specialist in veterinary hematology focuses on is the diagnosis and treatment of diseases that affect the blood or has a submolecular relation with the blood.

Blood is the fluid of life that is responsible for delivering life-giving oxygen to various bodily organs. Without blood, the organs would stop working and our beloved pets would die. Even the mere malfunction or abnormalities in the blood could lead to the decline in the health of our pets. The goal of veterinary hematology is to find out what exactly is the problem in order to start treatment.

In diagnosing blood diseases in animals, the specialist in veterinary hematology uses various tests conducted in the laboratory. The most common of these tests is the Complete Blood Count, or simply CBC. This particular type of veterinary hematology test determines how many blood cells are in a cubic millimeter of blood. In addition, the CBC test also identifies the types of blood cells whether leukocytes (white blood cells), red blood cells, or platelets.

How low or how high each particular blood cell is in the blood sample will often provide a clue to the condition of the animal undergoing CBC. The specialist in veterinary hematology, for instance, would recognize a high white blood cell count as a sure sign of infection since leukocytes are the bodys main mode of defense. When there is infection, the animals immunodefense system would release a great amount of leukocytes to fight off the infection.

Sometimes, an abnormality in your pets immunodefense system causes it to release too much leukocytes, which proceeds to attack everything on sight regardless of whether they are bad cells or good cells. This condition is known as leukemia, a cancer of the blood.

In conducting veterinary hematology tests, samples of your pets blood are often taken and sent to the laboratory for analysis. The samples are made to undergo several processes, testing them for chemicals, toxins, viruses, blood disorders, and the like. Afterwards, the results are brought back to the doctor for him to determine a proper diagnosis.

Lines Drawn in Calif. Health Care Debate (AP via Yahoo! Finance)
If California lawmakers and Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger strike a health care reform deal this year, Thursday may go down as the beginning of the great debate.

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Summary: Hematology analyzers are automated machine used to count and analyze blood samples accurately and efficiently.

Have you tried going to a hospital for any check up that involved having blood taken from you for examination? The specimen which is your blood will be taken to a hematology laboratory for testing and analysis. The process may or may not be manual. If the results came out shortly, this means that they are using automated hematology analyzers, otherwise they are processing your blood manually.

Our technology today is soaring high. The many analyses that used to be people performed are now being done by machines or instruments. For example the processing of your blood sample in a hematology laboratory which is now done through the use of hematology analyzers is the result of the shortage of lab staff or it is a result of a goal to have a more efficient and quick result.

There are several massive reasons why it is wise for laboratories to use automated hematology analyzers. For one, because of the decreasing number of trained laboratory personnel, hematology analyzers are designed to work more efficiently and perform more functions, which is an advantage to the smaller labs and lab workers. These automated machines now replaced the once manual process. Another positive key for advanced hematology analyzers is that it needs only one pass of the blood sample through the analyzer. Currently, its actually required to repass samples to get results. Abbots aim is to develop hematology analyzers that lessen the number of repeats and reflexed tests. Recovering and repeating samples for another tests is a time-consuming process.

To date, the hematology analyzers come in different brand names, manufacturers, designs, and probably features. But, they all perform similar task. Abbot, Bayer, Beckman Coulter, and Sysmex are some of the popular manufacturers of hematology analyzers at present. As much as these instruments provide great benefits to laboratories, they are very pricey, to the tune of $ 80,000 to $130,000.

These instruments help eliminate human error, speed up the process, and supply results to clinicians faster. The laboratory processes are quicker and provide more accurate results. Many hematologists suggest the use of these instruments because of the advantages that they provide, like providing a complete blood count, reticulocyte count, and many other functions speeding up the whole lab process within a short period of time.

Hematology analyzers help maintain the efficiency and accuracy of laboratory processes through minimizing human error and providing quick results to clinicians. The shortage of trained laboratory personnel can greatly affect the overall workflow of a hospital or clinic laboratories. Therefore, using hematology analyzers for quicker and more dependable results is the way to go.

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It was April of 1958 that the first official meeting of what was soon to be known as the American Society of Hematology was held. More than 300 hematologists gathered in Atlantic City, NJ, that day as they discussed clinical and research matters related to blood and blood diseases.

After that initial meeting, the American Society of Hematology was soon formed with its own governing Executive Committee composed of the president, president-elect, vice president, secretary, treasurer, and eight councilors. The members of the American Society of Hematology hold an election regularly in order to choose their next set of officers, with the vice president often serving as president-elect and president in succeeding years.

The American Society of Hematology plays an active and important role in the development of hematology as a discipline. Previously nothing more than a subspecialty field of study under Internal Medicine, hematology is now one of the most important fields of medicine and hematologists today specialists in the diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and/or investigation of blood disorders are often considered as a doctors doctor.

The hematologists knowledge of the hematopoietic, hemostatic, and lymphatic systems, and disorders of the interaction between blood and blood vessel wall is often very extensive that physicians may consult them for some help in diagnosing a particularly puzzling condition.

With its four decade history of uplifting the American hematologist, the American Society of Hematology has this mission-statement to guide them in their activities:

To further the understanding, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disorders affecting the blood, bone marrow, and the immunologic, hemostatic and vascular systems, by promoting research, clinical care, education, training, and advocacy in hematology.

In order to realize their objectives, the American Society of Hematology has delegated the tasks to its eleven standing committees, whose sole purpose is to recommend policies, programs, and actions to the Executive Committee.

In addition to the standing committees, the American Society of Hematology also has fourteen scientific committees who are in charge of developing scientific sessions presented at the annual meeting. The task of the committee members is to advise the American Society of Hematology on science policy priorities, and identify new and underserved areas of research in hematology.

Other activities that the American Society of Hematology actively and frequently engages in include organizing premier annual education and scientific events in the field of hematology as well as publishing and keeping Blood, which in addition to being the Journal of the American Society of Hematology is also the most cited peer reviewed publication in the field.

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Hematology Analyzers

Everything depends on hematology tests, for doctors, physicians, and medical subspecialists more often than not depend on the test results to obtain accurate diagnosis of a patients problem. Hence, hematology tests call for accuracy and preciseness two of the things that humans can never manage on their own.

The good news is that while humans can never be perfect, they are equipped with enough intelligence to create machines that could produce accurate results. Some such machines are hematology analyzers, tools that since their inception continue to provide an ever broadening scope of technological capabilities.

The first of many hematology analyzers was one that could enumerate/quantify immature granulocytes, and for the span of 25 years, it proved to be the holy grail among the WBC differential automated counters.

While many clinical colleagues still insist on manual differential because it allows them to count how many bands are there in a sample, recent studies today show that band count is imprecise and non-reproducible. In fact, at least one manufacturer has already submitted applications to the FDA for clinical use of the immature granulocyte hematology analyzer.

(Immature granulocytes are the collective total of promyelocytes, myelocytes, and metamyelocytes).

Provided below is a list of hematology analyzers that many US laboratories use, including their description and important features:

CELL-DYN 1700 by Abbott Diagnostics

The CELL-DYN 1700 hematology analyzer has top of the line features that address the hematology needs in a laboratory environment. It can perform a Complete Blood Count (CBC) in just 60 seconds with its 18-parameter automated system. It also counts three-part leukocyte differential with option to use the closed sampling system. To view results, this hematology analyzer comes with a graphical display with three histograms and a storage limit of 5,000 specimen data with graphics.

The CELL-DYN 1700 is easy to use and requires little maintenance, making it a highly reliable machine that one could expect in a modern lab.

ABX Micros 60 by Horiba ABX

The ABX Micros 60 hematology analyzer an 8 or 18-paramter automated system that offers sampling on closed tube or open tube. Its methods of measurement are CBC (8 parameters) or CBC and differential (18 parameters). For high accuracy microsampling, it uses the ABX electrovalves, a proprietary technology developed to prevent pinched valves which could hamper accuracy in yield.

The ABX Micros 60 hematology analyzer has a user-friendly software, an optional smart card reader, RS 232 output, and mono-directional connection.

ADVIA 120 Hematology System by Bayer Diagnostics

Designed to streamline laboratory workflow and achieve long-term economic benefits, the ADVIA 120 Hematology analyzer utilizes Peroxidase staining, considered as the gold standard for differential testing. With this technology, this hematology analyzer can detect abnormalities early and differentiate leukemias with cytochemical staining and nuclear complexity.

The ADVIA 120 has rack-based capacity, processing up to 150 samples and delivers all the benefits of walk-away convenience.

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Sprague Dawley Rat

The general model for the study of human health in detecting disease is the Sparague Dawley rat. Such breed of the rodent family serves as a superb model for toxicology, reproduction and pharmacology as well as behavioral research areas.

Anatomy of Sprague Dawley rat
An adult body has a mass of 250 to 300 grams in females. For the males, they weigh about 450 to 520 grams. Both genders only last for about 2.5 to 3.5 years with a respiratory rate of 70-115 breaths per minute and heart rate of 250-450 beats per minute.

The dental formulae has a ratio of 2 is to 16. Their incisors are open- rooted and develop constantly. If ever they are mishandled, they will bite or pinch with their sharp teeth. Their esophagus enters the belly at the lesser curvature through a fold tissue. This is because of physiological structure, the Sprague Dawley rat is unable to vomit.

Similar to a horse, it does not have a gall bladder. The left lung is comprised of only a single lobe while the right has four. It has about five mammary glands. Distribution of tissue is diffuse which extends from the ventral midline over the flanks and thorax together with other portions of the neck.

Its deep gland of the nictitating membrane is a pigmented lacriminal gland that is located behind the eyeball which encircles the optic nerve. The secretion is rich in lipid and porphyrim. However, many possess a Hardenian gland where it assumes of the importance it has. During times of stress and even other sicknesses it will feel, its tears will brim and smear the face around the eyes and nose. When it is already dry, the pigment appears like a dried blood. It fluoresces under ultraviolet light and contains little or no blood at all.

Nutrition of Sprague Dawley rat
It should be fed by a commercial rodent diet and water ad lib. The food is nutritionally complete which no longer need any kind of supplementation for essential vitamins and minerals.

Its food intake is approximately 5 to 100 grams per day while water intake is about 10 to 12 milliliter per day.

Reproduction of Sprague Dawley rat
It will take about 65 to 100 days of age for breeding of both females and males. However, it is only after 35 days that the females have their first uterus. It is of polyestrous family so it ovulation is spontaneous and multiplies all year round. The span of the estrous cycle is between 4-5 days and lasts for 12 hours that appears in the evening.

Twenty- two days is the average gestation period. A fertile postpartum estrus appears within 48 hours of parturition where there is simultaneous lactation that prolongs for about 3 to 5 days due to delayed implantation.

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